Hiring Process Of New Associates Essay - 972 Words

Background information The case centers around the hiring process of new associates, recruited from the top 25 business schools in the US, that would begin work in the following summer. As a result of SG Cowen being a lesser-known firm, there was a focus on building name recognition and continued student interest in their firm. By broadening their recruitment scope beyond the top 10 schools to the top 25 schools, they hoped to bring better talent and more loyalty as they could focus on high performers across many schools, rather than competing for a smaller selection of higher talent among 10 schools. Furthermore, SG Cowen utilized alumni for recruiting efforts at these targeted regardless of their HR or recruiting experience. With these alumni, SG Cowen arranged for presentations at the core schools to let potential applicants know the advantages of working for SG Cowen as well as to give attending students an opportunity to self-select for informational interviews. Interviews were conducted by Associates or senior associates of SG Cowen, testing for culture fit, as well as the necessary skills needed for investment banking. Often there would be at least 24 candidates where eight would be chosen to move to the next round of selection, a.k.a. â€Å"Super Saturday†. Super Saturday begins with applicants having dinner with the CEO, Fennebresque, following the next morning with a series of five half-hour interview sessions. Interviews were conducted by 30 bankers (1:1 ratio ofShow MoreRelatedCase Study Analysis Comm/2151460 Words   |  6 Pages2012 Korijna Valenti Introduction During my reach into the hiring issues at ABC Inc., it was found necessary to research and read more in today’s hiring process with the current job market. The following is an introduction of one specific company that recently requested a case study of a current internal hiring process that took place or did not take place. In this situation, a new campus recruiter was expecting to bring on 15 new hires to complete for orientation to work in the Operations departmentRead MoreEvaluating a Hiring and Variable Pay Plan Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluating a Hiring and Variable Pay Plan Include a brief summary of the situation. Effective Management Solutions (EMS) a small management consulting company divided into four areas: management systems, business process improvement, human resources, and quality improvement that are rapidly growing. The growth has expanded so quickly that, EMS has developed and is planning to execute an aggressive revenue growth plan. The goal is to obtain a 25% revenue increase each year for the next five yearsRead MoreTanglewood Case 21334 Words   |  6 Pagescomplete the five stages of the planning process: Currently the organization expects that their forecast for labor requirements is essentially constant from the previous year. This means the forecast for next year will be taken as given. Fill in the empty cells in the forecast of labor availabilities in Table 1.1 Table 1.1 Markov Analysis Information Transition probability matrix Current year (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Exit Previous year (1) Store associate 0.53 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 (2) ShiftRead MoreTanglewood Case 21193 Words   |  5 Pagescomplete the five stages of the planning process: Currently the organization expects that their forecast for labor requirements is essentially constant from the previous year. This means the forecast for next year will be taken as given. Fill in the empty cells in the forecast of labor availabilities in Table 1.1 Table 1.1 Markov Analysis Information Transition probability matrix Current year (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Exit Previous year (1) Store associate 0.53 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 (2) ShiftRead MoreTanglewood Case 21337 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1c Environmental Scan The labor market of the Pacific Northwest indicates a high unemployment rate, and therefore difficult environment for individuals to find new jobs. There tends to be a consistent supply of qualified individuals in the urban markets of Seattle and Spokane, however it is difficult to recruit these college-educated individuals into entry-level positions in a retail environment. Retail stores tend to have a reputation of requiring long hours of work, includingRead MoreEssay about Cherns Case Study1456 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic Management – C570 Chapter 1 – Identify Long/Short Term Process amp; Outcome Goals for Staffing Knowing that the company has a 20% turn over in Full Time Employees and an average 15% turn over in Part Time Employees, I believe they should assess their mix of full and part time staff. It would be beneficial and potentially cost saving if the company can increase its part time staff, reduce full time staff, thus, if all things remain constant, realize a lower turnover ratio whileRead MoreAn Report On The Retail Company, Abercrombie Fitch Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesand customers. I will discuss their hiring practices and minimum requirements. I provided a SWOT Analysis of their employee- employer relationships. I will discuss the controversial issues they have faced regarding ethical behavior with their employees. Finally, I will discuss what I have learned from this company and what I would change or continue doing within their business. Abercrombie Fitch (AF) was founded in 1982 by David Abercrombie and Ezra Fitch in New York City (1). Mike Jeffries wasRead MoreEssay on Tanglewood Case 11211 Words   |  5 PagesTanglewood Case One Rebecca Cassady With reference to Exhibit 1.7 in the textbook, I think that of the staffing quantity and staffing quality strategies listed; that developing talent, internal hiring, and exceptional workforce quality are the fundamental strategies to implement. By utilizing these differentiation strategies, Tanglewood would continue its strong culture. Tanglewood must differentiate themselves from their competition; companies like Target and Kohl’s. Tangelwood can accomplishRead MoreTanglewood Case 31037 Words   |  5 Pagesrecruiting data and will prepare a report with the best recruiting strategy to fill up a job vacancy for a store associate at Tanglewood store. Also I will use the organizational data to determine the best methods for recruiting new staff. And finally I will develop various forms of recruitment messages to encourage individuals to apply for a new job position. â€Å"Recruitment is the process of attracting individuals on a timely basis, in sufficient numbers, and with appropriate qualifications, and encouragingRead MoreA Diverse Workforce947 Words   |  4 Pages(INOVA REPORT) There are a number of reasons why this could have happened. In smaller companies like iNOVA, many new employees are friends or associates of current employees who have been recommended. (Miller) People often associate with those similar to themselves, so those who they recommend will be like themselves, creating a homogenous environment. Likewise, it has been proven that hiring managers tend to hire people that they themselves get along with on a personal level rather than their qualifications

Depression in Teenagers A Growing Problem Essay - 1115 Words

Depression in Teenagers: A Growing Problem Who has not, at some time or another, said, â€Å"I am depressed?† It is a line that slips off the tongue of people all too readily when they are bored or unhappy. But most people, when they say that, do not mean that they are clinically depressed, possibly wanting or needing treatment. Sadness is unpleasant but it is not as bad as depression. When people are sad, they keep their self-respect and they feel better after a good cry or a talk with a friend. When people are depressed, self-respect fades, crying does not help at all, and people who are depressed feel alienated around others because they feel like no one understands what they are going through (Brenton 67). Depression is a†¦show more content†¦When depressed there are other options for a person to use in order to get better. In order to get better teenagers can go to therapy sessions and journal about what is going on in their lives instead of going on antidepressants right away. Sometimes writing down what is felt makes a person feel better (Brenton 34). The first view that will be described is the view that depression is an actual illness that should not be ignored as if it is being made up. One out of every ten high school students experience some form of severe depression during their high school years (Cohen-Sandler). How do parents find out if their child suffers from depression? If a teenager feels helpless and hopeless most of the time they may suffer from depression. If a teenager has two or more of the following symptoms for at least two weeks they may be suffering from depression: change in school performance, change in eating and sleeping habits, persistent unhappiness, withdrawal from people and activities that they previously enjoyed, excessive guilt or anxiety, aggressive behaviors, inability to concentrate, irritable or angered easily, physical aches and pains, or talk about death or suicide. Talk about death or suicide should always be taken seriously (Depression in Teenagers). To teenagers, depression causes feelings that everything in life is lost. Therapy, positive reinforcement, and in someShow MoreRelatedThe Growing Problem of Teenage Depression in Todays Society Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Growing Problem of Teenage Depression in Todays Society Teenage depression is a growing problem in todays society and is often a major contributing factor for a multitude of adolescent problems. The statistics about teenage runaways, alcoholism, drug problems, pregnancy, eating disorders, and suicide are alarming. Even more startling are the individual stories behind these statistics because the young people involved come from all communities, all economic levels, and all home situations-anyonesRead More Teenage Suicide Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pagesfact thousands of teenagers each year commit suicide. It is the third leading cause of death among young adults aged 15-24. With the first two leading causes being unintentional injury and homicide. There are many reasons why teenagers feel the need to take their own life. They are at a time in their life where they are strongly feeling stress, confusion, self doubt, pressure to succeed, and other fears while growing. Among the probable causes of teenage suicide are family problems, stress , drug andRead MoreTeenage Depression And Teen Depression792 Words   |  4 Pages Teen depression, which is also known as adolescent depression, is a growing problem in today’s society. Depression among teenagers is overlooked by many and is often mistaken for â€Å"normal† teenage behavior. This mental illness is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Depression is predominantly seen amongst young women who are transitioning into adulthood. Teenagers are at a point in their lives where they come face to face with the reality of peer pressure and a milestone in becomingRead MoreInformative speech outline Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Suicide Among Teenagers Specific purpose: To inform my audience on some of the causes on teen suicides.    I. Introduction A. Attention Material: It has been verified on April 19th, 2013 by the Center for Disease Control that for youths between the ages of 10-24, suicide is the third leading cause for death in the United States. (Center for Disease Control: Teen Suicide Statistics, Chart number 1) B. Tie to the audience: Teenagers taking their own life has always been an idea hardRead More Depression Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesDepression There are many misconceptions about depression. Pathological depression is not the dispirited or down mood, which we all experience from time to time, and which causes us to say, Im depressed, but it is a debilitating illness that affects one in five people of all ages from children to adults. It is not just a passing mood swing. Depression can affect not only a persons mood but also his or her ability to function normally. Treatment is available yet quite a number do notRead MoreTeens And Teenage Depression892 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In America, every year, thousands of teenagers suffer depression due to barriers in their day to day life. Depression is the leading cause of suicide, more than thousands of have been successful at attempting and committing suicide.†(Depression in Teens 2) In today’s generation, teenagers are growing up in the world that is for more different than their parent’s youth. Teenagers are suffering from stress that is not underst andable by people from the previous generations since this wasn’t as bigRead MoreTeenage Depression - Teen Suicide1399 Words   |  6 Pagesteenage depression has drastically increased due to multiple factors such as peer pressure and bullying. According to Linda Lamb’s article Young People Can Suffer From Depression, Too,† The suicide rate among teenagers [today] is about 10 per 100,000†. A handout from the Health and Human Services Department and National Institute of Mental Health stated,† in the last 25 years, the rate of suicide among teenagers and young adults has increased dramatically.† The awareness of teenage depression has increasedRead MoreThe Effects Of Teenagers Being Sexually Active1082 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2014 The Causes and Effects of Teenagers Being Sexually Active Sex before marriage, especially in the teenage years, is a growing disappointment and epidemic in today’s society. The common standard of â€Å"waiting until marriage† no longer applies to very many people in this day and age. The effects of teenagers being sexually active can be frightening. The causes, as well as the effects, are usually unknown or ignored by many. Sexually active teenagers, which are defined as those who have hadRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagescause of death among America’s youth today.Each and every day almost 1000 teenagers think about suicide and about 0.018% of them will be successful in committing it.† It is an ongoing problem that is often described as uncalled for immature and unnecessary. But having a deeper understanding and better knowledge are some key factors for preventing teenage suicide. This â€Å"problem† most likely start because of a state of depression, and it can be either a medical concern, or just because of a saddenedRead MoreTeenagers in Today’s World are Affected by Society’s Projection of Self-image670 Words   |  3 Pagescould consist of a great personality or a good looking body. Because of the growing use of technology, the mass media have projected a certain way to look, eat, dress, and or behave. Many teenagers in today’s world ar e affected by society’s projection of self-image. They go through extreme measures just to look like these â€Å"perfect† people and in result; harm themselves in the process. There are many different ways teenagers will try to achieve the image the media gives off. Many go to eating disorders

Weather Effects on Animals free essay sample

A look at the link between weather, seasons and animal behavior. This paper is mostly about seasonal weather effects on humans. It discusses the correlation between long dark winters and suicide rates, seasonal affective disorder, the lowering of immunity from infections in cold weather and the spread of disease in hot weather. Also mentioned are the effects on animals of El Nino and how weather changes bring certain predators and prey closer together. From the paper; Weather is the No. 1 talked about topic among people. Just for small talk and conversation?s sake, the state of the weather is always brought up. Weather has a deeper effect on animals than determining what to wear for the day or providing a topic of conversation. During the winter, people claim to have cabin fever. When spring arrives, they catch spring fever. While these two terms have taken on meaning as figures of speech, there is scientific research showing that weather effects humans and animals on a physiological and psychological level. We will write a custom essay sample on Weather Effects on Animals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Weather changes alter mood, behavior, and general well being. In certain climates, people tend to be healthier than others.

Sea Manatees an Example by

Sea Manatees Sea manatees also known as sea cows are marine herbivores. They belong to the kingdom animalia , phylum chordate, class mammalian, order sirena, family trichechidae, and the genus trichechus. The manatees length is four meters and weighs about 1000kg. These animals are harmless and lurk around waters that are shallow. They feed on sea grasses that grow inside the sea waters. Manatees are the only animal that leave in sea water and feed on vegetation. Localities where sea manatees can be found are: the Gulf of Mexico, West Africa, Caribbean Sea, and Amazon Basin. Need essay sample on "Sea Manatees" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Undergraduates Frequently Tell Us: How much do I have to pay someone to make my paper today? Essay writer professionals recommend: Find Brilliant Papers For Sale Here Paper Writing Service Buy College Papers Online Writing My Assignment Best Essay Writing Service The mostly studied manatees are the one in the West Indian, which migrated from the rivers of Florida since it is difficult to get the manatees from other locations, especially the ones from West Africa, where they are rarely found, and little about them is known. The Amazon manatees and the West Africa manatees are related to West Indian manatees. The above manatees are also related to the Stellers sea cow which have gone to extinction because of hunting and the dugong (Teaney, 2004, 67) The manatees have got gray body, taper to a puddle shaped flat tail. They have flippers which are the forelimbs which have got three to four nails. Manatees face and head are wrinkled, with snout having whiskers. The animals that are close to manatees in terms of habitation are the hyrax and the elephants. The hyrax is gopher- shaped small mammal. The manatees evolution is based from a plant eating wading animal. Manatees live in slow and shallow rivers, saltwater bays, canals, estuaries, and the coastal regions. Manatees keep on migrating from time to time thus referred to as migratory species. In terms of manatees behavior it is that they move slowly, and gently. They spend most of their time resting, traveling and eating. They are pure herbivores, and thus they consume aquatic plants mostly the sea grass. They eat the water vegetations from the water surface and along the bottom of the water. Manatees may rest just below the water surface or submerged at the bottom of water, where they come up after an average of five minutes to breath. The manatees will only come up to breath frequently when they are utilizing a lot of their energy. The period to which they can stay submerged is approximately 30 seconds. When these mammals are at rest, the period in which they can stay submerged is about 20 minutes (Christie, 2004, 45). Sea manatees are now experiencing critical situations as their existence is being put into threat by the climatic changes, loss of places to live and the boats, as well as their nature of giving birth to a single calf after a length of time in most cases ranging from three to seven years. The existence of sea manatees mainly have got no natural enemy and the estimated to live for about 60 year. The big threat to these animals is the human beings. Their number around Florida is estimated to range from 1000-3000, while in other regions their exact number is not certain (Taylor, 2002, 81). As a result of the above factors the sea manatees are on extinction verge or listed to be vulnerable and are preserved well if were they habitat, despite that, in Ghana they are hunted by people together by the Aborigines tribe members in Australia. There have been more efforts by some organizations around the world, to preserve and ensure the existence of the few available sea manatees which were left from similar destination as that of Stellers sea manatee experienced 240 years ago.Many year back around 1741 the discovery of the giant Stellers sea manatee occurred an island known today as the Commander Island. For about 27 years later around the year 1768 the Stellers sea manatee came to extinction. The reason to this was neither removal of food sources by the otters of the sea nor the change of climatic conditions, but was humans. The Stellers sea manatee were about 2000, there before the Russian fur hunters turned the Island to be their regular stopping point. Since the sea manatee was a major nourishment source for the hunters of the fur, they would as much as possible hunt them for direct consumption and take them along their journey (Leous, Parry, 2005, 198). For every year, about 250 manatees were hunted, and much of them were not consumed but just going to a waste. It is this reason of overexploitation that is believed to have caused the extinction of the Stellers sea cow. Another fact that could have contributed to their extinction is that, the manatees regeneration or reproduction could not have met the over fishing that was taking place then, this is because the manatees rate of reproduction was one calf for after a period of three to seven years while the harvest rate was 250 sea cows in each year. Nowadays, the same case is affecting the manatees, though this time the case is different from that one of hunting. The big challenge that the manatees are facing currently is the threat of being slashed by boats or ships propellers, or struck by boats, since their habitat nature is the shallow sea waters. The sea cows in many cases survive those collisions, but the multiple dorsal disfiguration or mutilation of the tail makes their survival difficult. Despite the fact that these animals can survive with such injuries, this is believed to affect their population number because it reduces the survival ability of the calves or the production of the calves from those females that are wounded. Another threat to the sea manatees is the issue of food source. Despite the fact that sea cows do not face food competition among themselves, the change of the climatic conditions in the habitations is limiting the growth of the sea grasses which serves as the main food for the sea cows. Apart from climatic conditions change, pollution has been another factor that is leading to degradation of sea grasses. Not only does the human pollution have effect on the sea manatees food but also has an impact on them. Together with other sea water mammals, chemical made by man now are threatening the existence of these mammals. Endocrine disruptions can be caused by these chemicals, especially the neurodevelopment and the system of thyroid (Taylor, 2002, 76). These chemicals can have different effects to different kinds of species, but may lead to progesteron concentration increase, asymmetry in wings and many other effects. The impact of these chemical on the sea manatees is not clear known but it is believed that the chemicals effects, affects them the same way it affects the other sea water animal. Together with change of climatic conditions, the chemical effects can lead to consequences that are dramatic, as it has been shown that animals on exposure to such chemical experience difficulties in adapting to different lifestyles compared to the ones not exposed to such situations. Despite the fact that manatees like living in warm water, this change in climate conditions may have adverse effects on the survival ability of the calf and rate of reproduction, even though this is yet to be looked into properly. But this change of climate affects source of their food as indicated above. There have been a lot of efforts by different organizations to save the lives of manatees. In Florida, there is a plan called Florida manatee recovery plan designed purposely to conserve the sea cows. The plan was developed after a witness of increasing death rate of sea manatees in Florida. The plan was also developed as a result of Endangered Species Act. The recovery plan is currently coordinated by the United States of America Fish and wildlife Service (USFWS). This body has gone ahead and established a list of duties and responsibilities which are directed towards manatees recovery from their present endangered status. In side the manatees recovery team is the Save the Manatee Club that carries out the duties and the responsibilities in the plan which is under the USFWS auspices. In addition, within the manatee Technical Advisory Council is still the Save the Manatee club, which is a legislature body for the officials of the government on the protection issues of manatee. Other measures for conservation deemed the significance to save the manatees are: mortality, research covering the biology, distribution and population, habitat and behavior of manatees; management plans implementation; posting of fine levies and speed signs for acquisition of public creation of sanctuaries and critical habitat (Leous, Parry, 2005, 204). To conclude the threat of manatees existence is in the hands of the ones who are putting efforts to save them, that is the human beings. There are group of people around the world who are endeavoring to save sea cows but no much progress is being witnessed. In Florida, the government has enacted some laws to protect the sea manatees, and those who kill or harm these mammals face imprisonment or a fine. Regardless of such laws, the death of manatees is increasing as time goes by and the boaters seem not to bother the refuges and sanctuary of manatees. Despite much reading about these animals, it looks difficult to understand which is the best mechanism to be adopted to save and ensure the survival of the sea cows, since some people seems not to bother about their existence. The ban of boating and fishing in manatees habitats this option seemed to be the way out but it is turning to be impossible request (Cheever, 2004, 52). If the threat of manatees life keeps its phase as it is at the moment, these mammals will disappear on the face of the earth. This implies that there is probability that manatees will face the same destiny as that of Stellers sea cow if no immediate and serious measures are taken. On my point of view is that, every breathing creature on earth has its rights of existence, and it looks awkward to see that it the behavior of human being that are endangering the lives of many species on earth, even some ending up getting extinct. Man should understand the role these species play on his life and the rest of the species and adjust his activities and behavior. Work Cited Cheever Federico. The Take Prohibition in Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act. Environmental Law, Vol.34, 2004, pp.52 Christie Donna. Living Marine Resources Management: A Proposal for Integration of United States Management Regimes. Environmental Law, Vol.34, 2004, pp.45 Leous Justin & Parry Neal. Who Is Responsible for Marine Debris? The International Politics of Cleaning Our Oceans. Journal of International Affairs, Vol.59, 2005, pp.198, 204 Taylor David. Dust in the Wind. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol.110, 2002, pp.76, 81 Teaney Derek. The Insignificant Killer Whale: A Case Study of Inherent Flaws in the Wildlife Services Distinct Population Segment Policy and a Proposed Solution. Environmental Law, Vol.34, 2004, pp.67

Mobile Money Transfer as an alternative product for Vodafone Group Plc

Mobile Money Transfer as an alternative product for Vodafone Group Plc The paper seeks to justify a Mobile Money Transfer (MMT) as an alternative product for Vodafone Group Plc. The company is multinational with headquarters in London. It is a leading telecommunications company based on 2011 annual revenue and subscriptions (439 million).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Money Transfer as an alternative product for Vodafone Group Plc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vodafone offers information technology and mobile phone services to its customers in over sixty-five countries. In addition, Vodafone Group has 45 per cent shares in Verizon wireless. Verizon wireless is the leading mobile telecommunications company in the US. Vodafone has been chosen to implement the MMT product because of its wide customer base and its ability to set a side enough resources to implement, test, launch and market the product. Its wider customer base is important because many people across the world wil l be able to enjoy the product and its benefits (Morawczynski, 2008). MMT is an electronic product that helps the consumer to electronically send and receive money on a mobile phone. Consumers will register their simcards with Vodafone using their national IDs or pass ports. After registration, an MMT menu will be up dated on the customer’s phone. Registered customers will be able to send and receive money, pay bills, loans, and utilities and also buy air time. Customers can also access their commercial bank accounts if they register their mobile numbers with their banks. To withdraw money from a mobile account, the customer approaches an agent and initiates the transaction through an agent code. The customer and the agent then receive a message that a specific amount of money has been withdrawn. The agent then gives the customer the specified amount of money and the transaction is completed. To deposit the money in the mobile account, the customer approaches the agent with t he amount of money they want to deposit, the agent deposits the money and both receive a confirmation message (Hughes Lonie, 2007). MMT is a cheap, safe and quick way of sending and receiving money. MMT saves the customer the trouble of having to make long queues in the bank to deposit or withdraw money. Customers are also able to make instant payments for services and goods by using the MMT. The company on the other hand benefits by acquiring and retaining customers, extending the range of its products and improve relationship with consumers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To successfully launch the product, Vodafone will hire competent IT specialists to update the main server to accommodate MMT. The company will also replace existing simcards with those that have MMT menu. Finally the company will recruit and register agents all over the country. Vodafone shoul d target supermarkets, banks and other places where people mainly handle cash. MMT is a pretty new idea and very little secondary sources of information are available. However, the company will benefit in a big way by visiting the libraries of affiliated companies like Safaricom. Their websites would provide very important information. Other sources of credible information about feasibility of mobile banking include the websites of Equity Bank Limited. The library and archive of Equity bank are also rich with information. Information on MMT can be verified by carrying out a research to reveal its practical features and sustainability. As stated earlier, MMT is a relatively new product in the market and not many people could be able to verify though it is highly implementable. The best way to verify MMT is to begin with a small pilot project carried out within the Vodafone staff. References Hughes, N. Lonie, S. (2007). M-PESA: Mobile Money for the Unbanked: Turning Cellphones into 2 4-Hour Tellers in Kenya. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization. Cape Town University, 2(2), 63–81. Morawczynski, O. (2008). Surviving in the Dual System: How M-PESA is Fostering Urban-to-Rural Remittances in a Kenyan Slum. HCC8 journal, 12 (3), 1-2.

Embalming Essay Essays - Undertaking, Death Customs, Embalming

Embalming Essay Essays - Undertaking, Death Customs, Embalming Embalming Essay Embalming Embalming is a mortuary custom, the art of preserving bodies after death, generally by the use of chemical substances. It is believed to have originated among the Egyptians, probably before 4000 BC, and was used by them for more than 30 centuries. Much evidence demonstrates that embalming is religious in origin, conceived as a means of preparing the dead for the life after death. From the Egyptians, the practice of embalming spread to other ancient peoples, including the Assyrians, Jews, Persians, and Scythians. Ancient embalming methods consisted of removal of the brains and viscera, and the filling of bodily cavities with a mixture of balsamic herbs and other substances. The Egyptians immersed the body in carbonate of soda, injected the arteries and veins with balsams, filled the cavities of the torso with bituminous and aromatic substances and salt, and wound cloths saturated with similar materials around the body. The Assyrians used honey in embalming, the Persians used wax, and the Jews used spices and aloes. Alexander the Great was embalmed with honey and wax. The Egyptians were particularly adept at embalming; the soles of the feet of mummies, when unwrapped after as much as 3000 years, are often still soft and elastic. Historians estimate that by AD 700, when the practice had died out among them, the Egyptians had embalmed approximately 730 million bodies. Although many were destroyed or disintegrated in the tropical heat of northern Africa, a large number of mummies were preserved; archaeologists estimate that several million are still preserved in undiscovered tombs and burial places. From the ancient peoples of Africa and Asia, embalming spread to Europe, where, in time, it became a widespread practice. Descriptions of methods used in Europe for almost 1200 years, from about AD 500, have been preserved in the writings of contemporary physicians. Embalming during the Middle Ages included evisceration, immersion of the body in alcohol, insertion of preservative herbs into incisions previously made in the fleshy parts of the body, and wrapping the body in tarred or waxed sheets. The Danish king of England, Canute II, was embalmed by the above, or similar methods, as were the English monarchs William the Conqueror and Edward I. William's body was found well preserved in the French city of Caen in the 16th century; Edward's was also found to be well preserved when it was disinterred in Westminster Abbey in 1700; and Canute's body was still in a state of good preservation when it was discovered in Winchester Cathedral in 1776. The first man to embalm by injecting a prepared preservative chemical solution into the blood vessels is believed to be the Dutch anatomist Fredrik Ruysch, but his technique is unknown. During the 19th century, French and Italian scientists perfected such techniques, thereby enabling them to reach every part of the cadaver. Modern embalming is believed to have begun in the U.S. during the American Civil War. The essential purposes of modern embalming are preservation of the body to permit burial without unseemly haste and prevention of the spread of infection both before and after burial. Cosmetic work is used to restore injured facial features or for aesthetic reasons. Embalming methods now consist essentially of the removal of all blood and gases from the body and the insertion of a disinfecting fluid; the viscera are removed and immersed in an embalming fluid and are then replaced in the body, in which they are surrounded with a preservative powder. Most corpses in the United States and Canada are embalmed, and the practice is widespread in other countries.

Italian Immigration and class politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Italian Immigration and class politics - Essay Example The second period happened in the early 90’s with a composition of mostly refugees from Eastern Europe. The third phase coincided with implementation of immigration policies that sought to integrate immigrants. Prior to 1990 the media portrayed a migrant as black and nomadic. Since 1991 the image is that of a gypsy type people from Eastern Europe. During the three periods the media also showcased migrants in a folkloric image, as being marginalized, and a more recent image as one participating in criminal activities. The stance taken by the media towards immigrants has been inconsistent ranging from arguments that immigration can be beneficial to the Italian economy to fuelling the public’s fear and antipathy towards foreigners. Generally the media ignores the suffering and exploitation of migrants and sometimes blame immigrants for racist acts committed against them. The newspapers that are connected to the political left show more tolerance while those connected to the political right are more anti-foreigner. The media’s portrayal of migrant women changed from domestic helpers in the first period to a more stable family oriented woman with the arrival of Islamic women, to those predominantly black victims of human trafficking in recent years. The Italian Communist party has been constantly changing. The party started in 1921 when it broke away from the socialist party in order to take a path that was more fundamentally communist. In 1944 Palmiro Togliatti outlined a new direction for the party. He preferred the party to operate through a policy of alliances, including recognition of the monarch and the Catholic Church. This new thrust ended in 1947 but in 1956 Togliatti again tried to continue with his pro democratic plan. The years following this thrust found the party in isolation partially due to the development and evolvement of other political and social groups. It wasn’t an attractive option for neither the far right nor the far left. Their

Evaluate the Significance of the Statement Essay

Evaluate the Significance of the Statement - Essay Example The problems related to such cases are analyzed in this paper; reference is made specifically to the transnational divorces in UK and their recognition in the context of British law. Due to the complexity of the relevant processes, two different modes of such divorces have been developed in the British law: the transnational divorces based on proceedings and those that can be developed otherwise than by means of proceedings. The literature published in regard to this subject highlights the following issues: existing British law in regard to transnational divorces is not so clear; there are provisions setting the general terms of the relevant processes but the options available are differentiated, leaving to the court the right to decide on the potential validity of a divorce for the English law and the intervention of the English courts in a dispute related to foreign divorce. This phenomenon is particularly clear in the case law developed in regard to this issue. In any case, transn ational divorces are acceptable in the context of British law, being based mostly on the principle of recognition, but their effects are not standardized, being depended on the conditions of each case, as these conditions reflect the relationship of each of these cases with the English law. The fact that the trends developed in Britain in regard to the acceptance of the transnational divorces as valid are differentiated, do not influence the power of the English courts to decide on the validity of these divorces, no matter if the terms of the foreign law, to which the parties are related, are met. 2. Transnational divorce in UK 2.1 Transnational divorce in UK – characteristics and challenges In order to understand the effects of a transnational divorce in the context of the British law, it would be necessary to refer primarily to the characteristics of the particular type of divorce, as developed not only in UK but also worldwide. A divorce is characterized as transnational w hen the acts involved, meaning the various processes required for the acquisition of the relevant certificate, have taken place in two different countries (O’Brien and Smith 1999, p.487). In accordance with Wray (2011), the transnational divorce is distinguished by the common divorce at the following point: in the transnational divorce part of the processes for the issue of the divorce need to be completed in UK and part of them have to be developed in another country (Wray 2011, p.83). In other words, transnational divorces are necessarily related to the law of different countries. In Britain, the requirements of a transnational divorce are incorporated in three different legislative texts – the Recognition of Divorce and Legal Separations Act 1971, the Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1973 and the Family Law Act of 1986. It should be noted that the above texts do not refer directly to the case of ‘transnational divorce’ but they list the terms un der which a divorce of such characteristics can be valid in the context of the British law. In practice, the identification of the terms of validity of a transnational divorce is quite difficult. This problem is particularly common in England where a series of problems has appeared in regard to the successful completion of the relevant processes, a fact that reveals the need for the review of the relevant legislation (O’Brien and Smith 1999, p.487). One of the most important problems related to transnational div

Shark Finning Should Be Stopped Essay Example for Free

Shark Finning Should Be Stopped Essay Shark Finning Should Be Stopped Nowadays, over 73 million of sharks of various species are being caught and killed worldwide each year due to the increasing demand for shark fin. Shark finning is the behavior where fishermen cut off the shark’s fin and throw the bodied back to the ocean aimed to get the maximum profit. Decades ago, when shark fin became the status symbols, the demand of it is increasing rapidly. Despite the high profit of shark fin trade, however, sharks finning should be stopped aim to meet the requirement for natural resources in next generation. In this essay, I will argue why the shark finning should be stopped. The first reason why shark finning should be stopped is that shark species is one necessary part of ecosystems. Sharks are the top level species of the marine ecological pyramids and related to humanity closely. It means that sharks enjoy the important position of maintaining the marine ecosystems. If there are a huge amount of sharks be killed, it will lead to quite a large number of small and medium-sized fishes loss of natural enemies and growing rapidly, thus seriously destroy the balance of marine ecosystems. For example, the decrease of sharks in Tasmania has led to the significant increase of the octopus, due to the octopuses prey on lobsters, the fisheries in that area has crumbled. Sharks are the dominant part which can remove the diseased animals and maintain the balance of predators and prey in marine ecosystems. Furthermore, marine ecosystems are significant to globe environment, although scientists haven’t find out the fully impacts of shark’s extinction for humanity, there is obviously that the global disaster is coming. Furthermore, shark finning should be stopped not only due to shark finning will harm for shark species but also bad for humanity. Shark fin trade has attractive profit but humanity will pay a lot for shark’s extinction more than the profits they can earn. Besides the effects of shark finning in ecosystems, scientist also mentioned that shark fin contain high levels of mercury which can directly damage the central nervous system. According to Eilperin (2011), While many consumersespecially in Chinaview shark meat and fins as nutritious, sharks are likely to contain high levels of mercury because they are large, slow-growing fish that consume other fish as their prey, which allows mercury to build up in their muscle tissues. (p. 78) It’s obviously that shark fin has symbolized wealth ince hundred years ago; its value is in psychology instead in physics. There is no doubt that shark fin as the luxury food symbol in tradition society, is predicted to place rising pressure on available resources based on the expanding consumer purchasing capability (Clarke et al. , 2007). Due to the fact that shark finning is the behavior not only harm for environment but bad for humanity, it should be stopped and banned immediately. As I mentioned before, after the shark fin be cut off, the body of shark which is basically worthless will be threw back to the ocean. And the shark which has lost their measure of mobility will be taken by other species or bleeds to death (Jennifer, n. d. ). So you may ask why people do not use the entire shark to gain more profit, but the answer, which is no doubt that shark’s fin soup is the best tool of gaining highest profit. Shark’s meat and bone are not be focused by fishermen and business men but shark fin. Since several hundred years age, shark fin soup already became the necessary dish in the big events even though the price of shark fin soup is 100 dollar or more for a bowl. And the demand of shark fin is constant growing although it charges a high price. For instance, the shark fin trade is steady increasing in five percent per year in the late 1990s (with the exception of 1998 when the Asian financial crisis caused depressing sales) and the beginning of twenty-first century (Eilperin, 2010). Though the large amount of shark fin soup, a dish without cooking value and taste, we can know that it is just symbol, no substance. Actually, the pursuit of shark fin is a sightless and erroneous mentality which has lasted a long time especially in China. As the saying goes frugality is a virtue, shark finning as a stunning extravagant behavior should be stopped and banned. With the growing economics technology in China even in the world, people have more qualifications to concerned about their health and environment protection; therefore, people should be more rational to consider the cost of shark finning. As the valued traditional Chinese lifestyle, balance and moderation also can be used to take pride and honor in rebuilding a balance to ecosystem by quitting shark finning (Why shark fin, n. d. ).

Planet Cyborg Essay -- Technology Science Medicine

Planet Cyborg Since the beginning of civilization, the concept of a super-human has fascinated our species. Whether imagined as a semi-god, super-hero, or monster, the vision of some superior yet human-like being never seems to die out through time. An equal, if not more of a plausibility than artificial intelligence is the emergence of a sub-species of humans enhanced with artificial or computerized limbs, organs, and capabilities. Fundamentally, however, an increase in cyborg technology will alter our conception of intellgence just as much as the achievement of A.I. The term cyborg originated in 1960 as a combination of â€Å"cybernetic† and â€Å"organism,† coined by NASA scientist Manfred Clynes as he envisioned the modification of humans to be more space-compatible.[1] Since then, the term has been tossed around from the media to science-fiction authors as a general reference toward human-machine integrations. As alien as these concepts still seem, a great deal of cybernetic technology has undergone implementation in today’s society—beginning with the basic bionic building blocks of artificial limbs and organs. The earliest reports of attempts at life-like prosthetics come from 1504, with an account of a clumsy but functional iron hand with flexible joints.[2] Modern bionic limbs are not a far cry from the naturalness of the artificial hand that wowed the audiences of Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back over two decades ago. With today’s technology, prosthetics are more than mere stand-ins for limbs and organs, but can, through complex wiring systems, undertake the actual functions of the missing parts by responding to electro-chemical signals sent from the brain. The Dobelle Instit... ...eck Muscle.†Chemistry and Industry (20 May 2002): 7. Gray, Chris Hables. Cyborg Citizen: Politics in the Posthuman Age. New York: Routledge, 2001. â€Å"Historical Highlights in Bionics and Related Medicine.† Science, 295 (8 February 2002): 1003. Towner, Natalie. â€Å"Cyborg.† Computer Weekly (29 August 2002): 31. Expanded Academic ASAP. Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT. Accessed 10 November 2002. Underhill, William. â€Å"Merging Man and Machine.† Newsweek (14 October 2002): 38Z. University of Reading Department of Cybernetics. â€Å"Professor Kevin Warwick.† Available from http://www.cyber.rdg.ac.uk/people/K.Warwick.htm. Accessed 10 November 2002. Vogel, Gretchen. â€Å"Part Man, Part Computer: Researcher Tests the Limits.† Science, 295 (8 February 2002): 1020. Warwick, Kevin. â€Å"Budding Cyborg.† New Scientist, 173 (30 March 2002): 19.

Hunger Games Review

Action packed adventures, intense, love triangles, suspenseful twists of the plot, and witty remarks are all thrown across the pages of a book titled â€Å"The Hunger Games† by Suzanne Collins. The book was looked upon by many teenagers as if it was a sacred treasure meant to be read by a select few. I was driven by both madness and curiosity to uncover how such a book would deserve this much attention. To my surprise, â€Å"The Hunger Games† demonstrated a well thought plot, conflicting love, triangle and intense life or death matters. The story is set in the post, apocalyptic country of Panem, where America once stood. The country is divided into 12 districts and ruled by a dictating government known as the Capitol. The heroine, 16 year old Katniss Everdeen lives in the Seam, located in the poorest region; District 12. At one point, there was a District 13, but it was consequently destroyed for leading a war against the Capitol. The rest of the districts gave up easily and were forced to follow the cynical Capitol, avoiding the same fate as District 13. Accompanied by Katniss is heartthrob Gale Hawthorne; the leading lady’s best friend. Gale and Katniss have been hunting together at the woods near the outlying district. They’re content using the animals they’ve caught for food for their family or for a trade of money. Suddenly, everything for Katniss changes when she is faced with the decision to take the place of her sister at the Annual Hunger Games; a brutal, televised event that pits 24 teenagers from the ages of 12 to 17 to fight until there is one standing. One boy and girl are picked from each district and are orced to participate as tributes. This is the punishment that all districts must go through. It’s the Capitol’s way of reminding the nation once more that they are in charge and can send children off to combat without anyone’s say in it. Katniss’s decision to join the games leaves her accompanied by an old flame, Peeta Melark; the baker’s son. The way Collins devel oped each character thoroughly with distinct differences leads you to ponder which of the two, Peeta or Gale, is right for Katniss. Both Katniss and Peeta took notice of each other from afar and are connected by a single moment. On a rainy day at the Seam, Katniss is faced with little to no money and doesn’t have any food to offer to her family. She sits hunched over outside the bakery until Peeta walks up to her and offers her bread from his bakery. From that moment on, Peeta is nicknamed the boy with the bread. This act of kindness sets him off as frail and kind; unlike Gale, who is seen as tough and aggressive. By increasing her chance of survival, Katniss and Peeta are publicly announced as star crossed lovers and must defend each other in the arena. All the while, it is evident that Gale has feelings for her yet he must watch the girl he loves the most fall into the arms of someone else. Katniss is torn between the boy she left back home to the boy with the bread. Throughout the book, her thoughts and feelings often clash with one another and she has been reluctant to go to both Peeta and Gale. The games are held at a remote arena filled with many surprises. Katniss is doing whatever it takes to survive the unknown. She somewhat acts like a babysitter to Peeta by protecting him from every little thing. What surprised me the most was just how easily she was willing to kill children for the sake of her life. At this point, she has been made a pawn by the Capitol, and the Capitol is winning. She makes friends, and loses friends. The weather is constantly changing and the tributes slowly start to die off. Katniss must also battle with other tributes for the limited amount of food and water supply left. It is very startling to even imagine myself in her position. Everyone there wants to survive yet not everyone is even lucky enough to get through the first day. The seemingly endless battle drove me insane! I can’t imagine how hard it would be to go to sleep with the thought of not making it out alive the next day. The heart breaking thing to do is ally with a complete stranger. Katniss has been faced with many and must make a choice as the number of survivors left start thinning down. I highly recommend this book to anyone who has an interest in a thought provoking story line, romance, and life or death situations. This book will keep you up at night even after finishing it. This fast paced story will keep you reading with excitement. Sources http://www.thehungergames.co.uk/

A Policy Analysis of the Medicare Prescription Drug Savings and Choice Act of 2005

This paper looks at the Medicare Prescription Drug Savings and Choice Act of 2005, also known as the Medicare D Drug plan.The paper will look at its’ historical underpinnings, an overview into how the policy started, view into the policy itself, as well as an analysis of it—whether the policy is really giving benefits to its intended beneficiaries. This paper however, contends that the Medicare D drug plan is not sufficiently meeting the needs of those who are its beneficiaries. Before the arguments as to whether the policy is effective or not however, it may well be first necessary to look at and understand the policy.The Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit Plan and Choice Plan, otherwise known as Medicare D Drug plan was aimed to supplement or enhance the original Medicare program. The Medicare D drug plan was passed into what is known as the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act or MMA legislation. It was enacted by the Bush administration in 20 03. Benefits from the program started only recently, in January 2006. (â€Å"Medicare Part D†, 2006)Medicare D drug benefit plan is a voluntary outpatient prescription drug benefit for people under the Medicare program—beneficiaries include the elderly (over 65 years of age) and diseased beneficiaries (end stage renal disease patients, for example) (â€Å"Medicare (United States)†, 2006).Simply stated, the Medicare D Drug plan is a type of insurance to seniors and other disabled citizens who may not be able to anticipate or pay for the high cost of medicine. The Medicare program works with many private insurance and other companies to bring these seniors a variety of plans. (Lieberman, 2006)The original Medicare program previously had two parts: part A and part B. Part A of the program covers hospital care for inpatients, skilled nursing services, health care for patients at home, as well as other health services. Part B, on the other hand covers a wide range of frequently used health services, examples of which are doctor visits and diagnostic testing. (â€Å"Medicare Savings Program†, 2005)Because of former problems with the previous Medicare program such that it was ineffective as cited, â€Å"when President Bush came into office, Medicare was outdated and not meeting the needs of American seniors.†Hence, legislation was passed into Congress and the President signed into law what was to modernize the Medicare program—this was by providing preventive care, offering of more choices to seniors and most of all giving seniors’ better access to prescription drugs that they need, the Medicare D Drug plan.(â€Å"Strengthening Medicare: A Framework to Modernize and Improve Medicare†, 2005)Furthermore, with the revolutionizing of the Medicare D drug plan, President Bush has concentrated on preventative health care—it was believed that if diseases were caught early, these diseases would be easier to cure. In addition to that objective, a need existed to revolutionize the original Medicare program and this was due to â€Å"gaps† in the original Medicare plan coverage (â€Å"Choosing a Medigap Policy to Supplement the Original Medicare Plan â€Å", 2006).Changes in the original Medicare policy involved a means testing. This means that a higher income (and this includes Social Security benefits) would consequently mean a higher pay for Medicare beneficiaries. To illustrate the point: Medicare beneficiaries would see their premiums increase dramatically before they die, i.e. they retire at an age of 65, live until 95, but have an inflation of 3%; without working out the numbers this already clearly shows that beneficiaries aren’t getting benefits.The next generation of Medicare beneficiaries is said to have to pay the full price of their Medicare benefit from the beginning of their retirement, despite of paying Medicare taxes their entire life. Hence, the 2003 legislation was enacted—to eliminate the effect of inflation on income. (â€Å"Medicare (United States)†, 2006)

The Shunammite by Ines Arredondo

The Shunammite by Ines Arredondo Introduction The title â€Å"The Shunammite† preempts the details of this particular short story because it is derived from the Bible in the book of 1 Kings 1:1-4. Here, King David had grown old and his years on earth had been long. He was constantly sick and always cold. His servants, therefore, decided to look for a young virgin who would lie beside King David in the hope of fulfilling and inducing some of the old King’s deepest desires.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Shunammite by Ines Arredondo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After looking throughout Israel, Abishag; a Shunammite woman was found, and she was brought to the king to comfort him. From the beginning of the short story, Licha embodies purity and innocence when she comes to attend to her Uncle. However, she soon gets entangled in an abusive marriage to meet her family obligations. It is through characterization that one gets to unde rstand the predicaments of the protagonist Licha who must struggle with her wishes and family duty. Character in the Shunammite Through characterization, readers can empathize with Licha. One can feel what she is feeling and hence feel the sense of reality projected in the narrative. One way in which characterization can be depicted is through the kind of dialogues that Licha has with the other people in the story. One realizes that she has the noblest intentions and often wants to look out for the interests of others before herself. On the other hand, as one continues, one sees the helplessness she is. For example, when her uncle talks to her about Polish jewelry, Licha realizes that this is a vital family treasure that must be relished. Her uncle quickly insists that she should have the jewelry and immediately turns his head away from her (Arredondo, 4). This kind of bullying continues in the rest of the story even when Licha is told to get married to her uncle. One, therefore, se es the kind of victimization that plays out in the story’s setting. Nonetheless, the protagonist is not just a two-dimensional character; she has her motivations and ideas. One cannot help but see her as a victim because she was unable to speak against the unfairness imposed upon her by her family members. The author often talks about Licha’s inner thoughts. For example at the beginning of the story, the protagonist says that â€Å"I was certain I had the power to domesticate passion, to purify everything in the burning air that surrounded me without consuming me† (Arredondo, 4).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These inner reflections continue throughout the story, and they often bring out Licha’s motivations. For example, when Licha is required to get married to her uncle, she obliges because she was concerned about his well being. Late r on, when he miraculously recovers, she continues to live with him because of her strong sense of loyalty. The author has put the protagonist in a difficult situation and how she handled this situation is what endears her to readers. Licha often struggles to place her experiences in context and sometimes she was not able to do that successfully. The author successfully illustrates what it means to be defenseless as a Mexican woman through her protagonist. The author wanted people to understand the plight of women in her setting. She wanted individuals to know that they were more than mere objects of male desires. Licha has dreams and ambitions; she is not a second class human being as most individuals had assumed in her culture. Perhaps another critical role that Licha’s character plays in the book is to illustrate how women in this society were slammed to a life of servitude. Licha was bound to her uncle’s bedside after his recovery even though she had initially been married to him so that she could inherit his possession. She is one who submits under the domination of a male figure. She is powerless even when the person exploiting her is physically weak. Licha is submerged in her circumstances and cannot do anything about it. Another interesting character in the book is Licha’s uncle; Apoloni. He first comes off as a caring relative who wants to impart knowledge to his niece. In fact, at the beginning of the story, one would be forgiven to assume that the narrative would be about death and how Uncle Apoloni dealt with it. He starts by talking about the past, some of the accomplishments made by the family, the year of hunger, the year of the yellow corn and many of his other memories during the past (Arredondo, 4). His arthritis has shriveled him up because he was now at a point where he was ‘floating on his bed.’ However, we soon realize that Apoloni is not a harmless old man. As his niece attends to him, he starts getting overwhelmed by incestuous thoughts. He longs for the purity and innocence that Licha so quickly puts across. He harbors these thoughts even though it would result in an abusive relationship and would put an end to Licha’s hopes and wishes. As the story progresses and Apoloni recovers, he changes from being a vulnerable and weak individual to a predator and selfish being. The purity that attracted him to his niece in the first place would be destroyed if she started something with him.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Shunammite by Ines Arredondo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One can also see that this individual did not care for his niece because if he did, then he would not have made those demands. One can also see that this uncle started the abusive relationship because he knew that he could get away with it. Other family members, including his wife, were too loyal to their family ever to oppose his a ctions. His wife cared too much about family honor and public perceptions of the family. This was why she became an accomplice to his unforgivable behavior. Uncle Apoloni is, therefore, a manipulative and dominating character that puts his needs first even if it involves destroying the needs of another person. The author does not paint a picture of an innately evil character in Apoloni. He is multifaceted and has strong points as well. Readers can identify with some of his struggles such as arthritis and the impending death. One can also see that it is these insecurities about his own meaningless life that cause him to act out. He was missing something and hoped to find it in the fresh beauty of his niece. The character of this antagonist also reflects another critical component of the story. He is engaged in an endless search for the supreme which is epitomized in the purity of Licha. His niece was a virgin and therefore represented an entire state to him. The problem was that this search was relentless because uniting with such a pure being would result in her corruption rather than his purification. This illustrates the extent to which this individual was mistaken. The author, therefore, succeeds in characterization because she has not portrayed a stereotype of a typical dying man. She complicates Apoloni’s character by showing how he fell victim to his lustful thoughts. Aunt Ponchita; Apoloni’s wife was also another surprising individual. At the beginning of the story, she seems to like this caring character. Licha has very fond memories of her as she goes to see her ailing uncle. However, when Ponchita learns about her husband’s wish to marry his niece, she does not react to it or oppose it in any way. She hides this fact because of her need to maintain a certain family image. Aunt Ponchita is, therefore, a representation of betrayal on the part of women. She should have been there for her niece but instead chose to help out her manip ulative and predatory husband. One can, therefore, see that she lacks the compassion characteristic of most aunts. Additionally, even a sense of dignity does not cause this woman to act morally. She is concerned about her sense of well being and self-preservation. She is not strong enough to speak out against this grave misdeed, and she watches as her niece’s life gets destroyed.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Perhaps another critical role that her aunt plays in the story is to demonstrate the degree of subservience that women in that Latin America society were expected to possess. They were not bold enough to confront elements of their culture that oppressed them. In this regard, Aunt Ponchita is a stereotypical image of a Latin American woman at that time. In essence, the author of this short story does an excellent job of giving depth to her characters (Giona and Kennedy, 12). They are fully developed because they have histories. They reflect upon or talk about their childhood memories, their ambitions and the like. A lot of the story is rooted in providing backgrounds for the characters so that their actions can be interpreted thoroughly. Also, because of the dynamic changes that take place in the middle of the narrative, characters soon become dynamic as well. For example, Uncle Apoloni first appears to be weak and helpless. However, as the story progresses, he changes and becomes th is lustful individual who then defies expectation by causing his niece to lie with him. That dynamism of the character adds a lot of flavor to the story and leads to much progress in the narrative. Additionally, realistic characters often help in making this story such a good piece of literature. It is possible to relate with all the individuals in the story because struggles, challenges, and ambitions are common to all human beings which are depicted throughout the story. Licha is not a cardboard character; her subservience is a testimony to her weakness while her sweet and caring nature is her main strength. This intermingling of character traits creates superior individuals who make the story worthwhile. It can also be said that this story is more focused on character than plot. In other words, it is the characters that lead to developments in the story over and above the plot within the story. It is admirable the ease with which these characters have been developed even though i t is a short story. Since there is little room to give too much history about them, the author needed to be very careful about the information she picked out or chose to convey in the story (Stauffer, 35). For example, when she tells us about the fond memories that Licha had about the place where her uncle was located, one can relate that to the immense sense of loss that Licha felt when she was told that her uncle was ailing. Furthermore, one can also understand why she chose to submit to her uncle’s incestuous wishes later on in the story. It is also interesting that the author does not fall into the trap of creating flat characters whose primary function is to offer information about the protagonist or other main characters. The beauty of this literary piece is that the main character is the narrator of the story. One, therefore, relates experiences in the novel to her point of view. This is why it is easy to understand why she chooses to make the decisions that she does i n the story. Conclusion Characterization in this short story reflects the realism of this piece. Each has his or her flaws thus depicting a rational image of the people in the story. Some of the developments in the tale are particularly disturbing, and it is through characterization that members of the audience can feel as though those developments are happening to them. Readers are also able to relate to these characters because of the inner dialogue that the protagonist keeps having and the external conversations that she has with other people she interacts. In the end, the story has become compelling and quite impressive. References Arredondo, Ines. Underground river and other stories: the Shunammite. NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1996 Stauffer, Marilyn. Outline on literary elements. The University of South Florida. 5 August 2007. Web. Gioia, Dana Kennedy, J. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Writing Eleventh Edition. NY: Longman, 2006

Free Essays on An Overview Of Newdow V. U.S. Congress

, Newdow's position was that it is unconstitutional for a state employee to lead students in an exercise, which is fundamentally religious in nature because that represents the state endorsing some particular view. The fact that his daughter was not required to participate in this exercise was not sufficient to make it constitutional - the mere fact that she was a recipient of the message that certain religious beliefs are endorsed by the government was sufficient to entail harm. The school district sought to have the case dismissed. The United States Congress and the President of the United States joined in this motion, which was approved by a District Court judge. Newdow appealed to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. C... Free Essays on An Overview Of Newdow V. U.S. Congress Free Essays on An Overview Of Newdow V. U.S. Congress An Overview of Newdow V. U.S. Congress By: Florie Mendiola Background Information: Michael Newdow, an atheist, has a daughter who attends public ele-mentary school in the Elk Grove Unified School District in California. Each day, following state law, the teachers lead students in a recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance. The specific law states that public schools begin each school day with "appropriate patriotic exercises" and that the Pledge would be sufficient to comply. The specific school policy states that "Each elementary school class [shall] recite the pledge of allegiance to the flag once each day." At no point was any student, including Newdow's daughter, forced to recite the Pledge. That has already been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (although it should be noted that Barnette was decided in 1943 and the words "under God" were not added until 1954). Instead, Newdow argued that his daughter suffered harm because she would: watch and listen as her state-employed teacher in her state-run school leads her classmates in a ritual proclaiming that there is a God, and that our's [sic] is 'one nation under God.' In other words, Newdow's position was that it is unconstitutional for a state employee to lead students in an exercise, which is fundamentally religious in nature because that represents the state endorsing some particular view. The fact that his daughter was not required to participate in this exercise was not sufficient to make it constitutional - the mere fact that she was a recipient of the message that certain religious beliefs are endorsed by the government was sufficient to entail harm. The school district sought to have the case dismissed. The United States Congress and the President of the United States joined in this motion, which was approved by a District Court judge. Newdow appealed to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. C...

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Britain's 'Traditional Constitution' Essay

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Britain's 'Traditional Constitution' - Essay Example Any state whether large or small should have important and elemental values which enable efficient and effective governance. It is these rules that show a picture of the country’s values and nature. They bring out the character of the state as dictated by the understanding of the citizens of the laws based on whether they are laws or a formulation of how things should be done. As much as the state may formulate these laws independently and uniquely, some common characteristics can be identified in many states’ laws or in the general administration. For many nations and states, there are laws and rules that govern the conduct of people or provide guidance on the way of life. In Britain though, this is not the case. Unlike most states in the world, the country lacks the formal and legal documents that bring forth the procedures or arrangements by which the country is to be governed. It lacks the set of main values, norms and upholding by which the state is to be administe red. Types of constitutions A constitution is a set of rules that govern the administration in a state and the government on the mode of administration1.There are various methods that are used to classify types of constitutions. A constitution can be codified or not codified, federal or unitary and flexible or rigid. A codified constitution is usually based in one document and is more likely to be inflexible while a federal constitution divides power into two parts of the government2. Written and unwritten The words written and unwritten refer to the way in which the constitution is formulated and the main distinction is brought out by whether the constitution is brought out in a single or a set of documents or whether it is just an assembly of various sources. A written constitution is usually presented in a document or a series of documents and this is common in almost all the countries. An unwritten constitution is one that is not expressed in a document or even a set of document s. Britain is an example of country that lacks a written constitution though some of its parts may be in written form. Any written document provides a clear guideline and is more authentic thus is seen more legally and can be easily endorsed than the unwritten one3. Rigid and flexible A constitution contains the basic principles that govern the mode of administration of any state. Basically making these rules is based on the aspect of continuity and thus lack of alteration. In the event of alterations, there are specific channels that are followed. The ease with which a constitution can be altered to suit the changing times reflects its flexibility. If therefore a constitution follows a long channel and is basically subject to a process which is restrictive before the laws can be changed, it is referred to be rigid. In the case of Britain that lacks a written constitution; the case of rigidity is actually questionable and may be less. If a bill formulated and passed in the parliamen t receives the royal pass on, it becomes effective since there is no higher restrictive force or body to create difficulties4. Therefore, the laws are subject to changes since there is no procedure earlier formulated and put down to change particular laws. The flexibility of the constitution in unmentionable and the laws are made by the parliament with no higher body to make them. The parliament tends to receive less restriction and the constitution also contains the non- legal part which is

MGMT402 U4 DB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGMT402 U4 DB - Assignment Example However, this will be varying based on the nature of offense and when it is done. For a first offender, there will be a monetary fine of $250-$2,000 per each illegal immigrant employed. For a second offense, the fine increased to between $2,000 and $5,000 per. However, stiffer penalties might be imposed on the third and subsequent offenders who might be eventually sentenced to up to six moths in jail. I support this penalty because it is justified (Massey, 2007). In this regard, it is my considered opinion that Patricia should be keen to ensure that she does not face the same penalty. In her restaurant, she should ensure that she is privy with her workers’ immigration status to ascertain if there are illegal or legitimate. Only legitimate ones should be hired in her restaurant. As an employer, she should make efforts to know if her employees are legally permitted to work in the country. This can be done by checking their social security numbers. Otherwise, she would have to face the wrath of this

Law of Finance and Securities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law of Finance and Securities - Assignment Example What should a depositor do in such kind of situation? Relevant Laws An unclaimed money refers to â€Å"all principal, interest, dividends, bonuses, profits and sums of money legally payable by an ADI (Australian Deposit-taking Institution) but in respect of which the time within which proceedings may be taken for the recovery thereof has expired, and includes moneys to the credit of an account that has not been operated on either by deposit or withdrawal for a period of not less than seven years† (s69.1 Banking Act (BA) 1959). It is classified into three: (1) money in which its recovery â€Å"has been or may be barred by operation of law† (2) deposited money (3) â€Å"share capital subscribed for a share in a body from which the capital subscribed may be withdrawn by the subscriber† (s8 Unclaimed Money Act 1995 (UMA)). These three are held by an enterprise in an account which â€Å"has not been in operated for at least† six years or shorter as may be requi red by regulations or as may be confirmed by the Chief Commissioner to a certain enterprise (s7.1 UMA 1995). An Australian Deposit-taking Institution is obliged to transmit a statement to the Treasurer of all the amount of unclaimed money (s69.3 BA 1959). The sums of unclaimed money should have a minimum amount of one hundred dollars or higher (s69.3 BA 1959). An enterprise holding an unclaimed money should make reasonable efforts to locate and identify the money owner as well as to make sure that the owner is paid (s8A.1 UMA 1995). A failure to do so would not make the money an unclaimed money (s8A.2 UMA 1995). The owner of the unclaimed money has the right to recover the money from the Commissioner of Internal Revenue (s15 UMA 1995). An application for repayment should be lodged by the owner at any period before such right is extinguished (s17-18 UMA 1995). The right shall be terminated if no action has been made to recover the money within the six year period from the date of pay ment of the unclaimed money to the Chief Commissioner (s16 UMA 1995). Application Under BA 1959, Elizabeth’s money could be an unclaimed money if she has not been active with her bank account for at least seven years. On the other hand, based on UMA 1995, Elizabeth’s money in the bank would be judged as an unclaimed money if her bank account has not been in operation for not less than six years or shorter and that the bank had exerted reasonable efforts to locate her but was proven unsuccessful. In the instant scenario, it would seem that Elizabeth had not been active with her bank account for more than seven years. The facts of the case provide that she discovered an old bank book she had as a child. If her money is indeed an unclaimed money, then, the bank has a right to pass it to the government. To note, the minimum amount of money required under section 69.3 of BA 1959 is one hundred dollars. In the instant case, Elizabeth had over one thousand dollars in her old bank account. There is no notification period provided under UMA 1995. Nonetheless, it is emphasized that reasonable efforts should be exerted by the bank to locate and identify the owner of the money before declaring the money as an unclaimed money. The reason of which is that some people actually tend to forget their bank accounts (Tyree 2008). They move to other places and do not receive notifications (Tyree 2008). If the bank holding Elizabeth’s money had performed the cited requisite but was proven un

Welsh Olive Grove on Anglesey Essay Example for Free

Welsh Olive Grove on Anglesey Essay Nowadays the problem of climatic changes is affecting the whole world. Therefore, Anglesey decided to plant the first commercial olive grove in Wales to manage those changes. Calon Lan being the official producer of olive trees, have planted about fifty olive tress on the northern coastal line of the Wales. It is interesting to note that this olive grove is claimed to be the northerly located in the Europe. Olive trees are believed to support the mild climate of winters and to establish Mediterranean weather meaning that summers would be characterized by mini heat waves. Devon was the first official place in the United Kingdom where the olive trees were planted. Then they were planted also in Shropshire. Geraint Hughes was the first to promote the idea of olive groves in Wales. He is a director of Calon Lan being only 28 years of age and coming from common farmer’s family. Hughes argues that olive groves give an excellent opportunity to affect climatic changes and to support mild climatic conditions. Hughes decided to cooperate with an agency Menter Mon and Tom Barlow being the owner of a local vineyard. Hughes wanted to re-locate olive trees suffering from frosts in Italy and to plant them in milder climate. He wanted Calon Lan to be the first to sell live trees grown in Wales. The planters expect successful harvest and they argue that no frosts and hot summers are the best components for olive groves. The only thing olive trees require is the right conditions for growing. Nevertheless, in the beginning it will be rather difficult to ensure decent crop because the right conditions aren’t quickly provided. According to statistics, the life expectancy of an olive tree is about 500 years and olive trees are claimed to be one of the most long-living. Thin rocky soils are the best suited for growing. Hughes sums up that in about thirty years the conditions in Wales will resemble for conditions in the South of France and, therefore, the prospects for planting olive trees are encouraging. Thus, Hughes and his partners are willing to struggle with climatic changes to make olive groves the northernmost in Europe in the future. This project is strongly supported by the European Leader Programme allowing Hughes to work out innovative approaches on Anglesey and to cooperate with local companies. Hughes’ desire is to show people that lots of opportunities exist on Anglesey and there is an excellent chance to gain a reputation of innovators of new camelina oil. Planting olive trees in Anglesey gives an opportunity for local farmers to promote and advertise Wales-grown trees. Many agree that farmers should diversify their products in order to meet the climatic changes to happen in the future. Positive changes are taking place and nowadays the Welsh climate is getting warmer, though some bother that traditional crops may suffer from such conditions. However, such conditions are the best suited for planting olives and vineyards. Also Gulf Stream positively affects Anglesey preventing it from frosts. It is necessary to outline that Calon Lan is producing today hemp, avocado and camelina oils and Wales-grown olive trees are a good idea for diversification.

Greek Gods Essay -- essays research papers

Greek Gods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Welcome to my report on Greek gods and myths. You will learn about the gods and what they did. It is also about the myths and legends of Greece. greek gods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gods of Greece are alike many other types of gods. They were pictured a lot like human men and women. The Greeks didn't worship any animals. The gods, like people were endowed with many weaknesses. The gods could be jealous, envious, spiteful, and petty. The gods were held to be immortal, but they had a beginning. The rites of many gods came from Egypt. Most of the gods lived on Mt. Olympus. the first gods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first gods were the Titans. They were before all the other gods. The Titans were the brothers Oceanus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, and Cronus. Also the sisters Thea, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosye, Phobe, and Tethys. the gods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Zeus was the strongest of all the gods. He ruled the weather by himself, and the universe with 11 other gods. Zeus was the spiritual father of the gods. He was usually armed with a thunderbolt He was also called Thunder. Hera was the wife of Zeus. She was the goddess of marriage and childbirth. She was also the queen of heaven . Poseidon was Zeus' somewhat unruly brother. He was god of the sea, of earthquakes, streams, and horses. Hesta was the sister of Zeus. She was the goddess of the household. Ares was one of Zeus' sons. He was the god of war. He loved ...

Hinilawod Summary Essay

Hinilawod recounts the story of the exploits of three Sulodnon demigod brothers, Labaw Donggon, Humadapnon and Dumalapdap of ancient Panay. It would take about three days to perform the epic in its original form. Thus, making it as one of the longest epics in the world. Kaptan, the king of the Gods, decreed that the beautiful Alunsina (also called Laun Sina, The Unmarried One) marry upon reaching her maidenhood. Though all the unmarried gods from every corner of the universe tried to win her hand in marriage, she chose to marry a mortal, Datu Paubari, ruler of the Halawod. Angered by Alunsina’s decision, her suitors conspired to harm the newlywed couple. Maklium-sa-t’wan, the god of the plains, called a council meeting of the Gods. The council decided to destroy the couple’s home, Halawod, by flood. Fortunately for Alunsina and her husband, her sister Suklang Malayon (Goddess and Guardian of Happy Homes) discovered the evil plot and warned them of it. Before the flood, the new couple sought refuge on a higher ground and escaped the gods’ wrath undetected. They returned to the plains and settled near the mouth of the Halawod River after the flood has subsided and lived in secrecy. After several months, Alunsina became pregnant with triplets. The couple was ecstatic and Datu Paubari prepared the things needed for childbirth including the siklot. When the triplets were born, the couple called them Labaw Dongon, Humadapnon and Dumalapdap. Immediately after giving birth, Alunsina summoned the high priest Bungot-Banwa to perform the rites of the gods of the Mount Madya-as to ensure that the triplets will have good health. During the ritual, Bungot-Banwa burned some alanghiran fronds and a pinch of kamangyan in an altar that he made himself. He opened the windows of the north side of the room after the ceremony and in came a cold wind that transformed the infants into strong, handsome young men. When he reached adulthood, Labaw Donggon, the eldest of the triplets, decided to go on a quest to find himself a wife. He heard of the beauty of Angoy Ginbitinan of Handug and wanted her for a wife. He asked his mother to prepare the things he will need for the journey—a magic cape, hat and belt, and kampilan (sword). The journey to Handug took several days. Labaw Donggon had to pass by plains, valleys and mountains to get there. When he finally arrived, he asked for an audience with Angoy Ginbitinan’s father and asked for her hand in marriage. The father agreed in one condition: Labaw Donggon  must kill the monster Manalintad as part of his dowry. Labaw Donggon agreed and went away to confront the monster. With the help of his magic belt, he was able to kill the Manalintad. He cut off the tail of the monster and brought it back to Handug as a proof of his victory. Angoy Gibintinan’s father was satisfied with the proof and allowed Labaw Donggon to marry his daughter. After the wedding, Labaw Donggon and his new bride started their journey back to his home. Along the way, they m et a group of young men who were on their way to Tarambang Burok to win the hand of Abyang Durunuun, sister of Sumpoy, the lord of the underworld. According to these young men, Abyang Durunuun has beauty that equals no other. Labaw Donggon and Angoy Gibintinan continued on their journey. Upon reaching home, Labaw Donggon asked his mother to take care of his new wife and told her that he will be going on another quest. This time he will be going to Tarambang Burok and vie for the hand of the beautiful Abyang Durunuun. On his way to Tarambang Burok, Labaw Donggon had an encounter with the giant Sikay Padalogdog. This giant had a hundred arms and he won’t let the young demi god pass without a fight. And fight they did. In the end, the hundred-armed giant admitted defeat and allowed the Labaw Donggon to pass the ridge. Labaw Donggon won the hand of the legendary Abyang Durunuun and also took her home to his mother. Thereafter, the demi god went on third quest to Gadlum. This time the object of his desire is Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata, the young bride of the lord of darkness, Saragnayan. Aboard his biday nga inagta (black boat), Labaw Donggon sailed across many seas on his way Gadlum. He also traveled across the region of the clouds and the land of stones before he found himself at the shores of Tulogmatian, the seaside fortress of Saragnayan. Upon setting foot on the shore, Saragnayan asked who he was and his business. When Labaw Donggon expressed his desire to have Saragnayan’s young wife, the lord of darkness just laughed and told him it’s impossible. The young dem i god then challenged the Saragnayan to a duel for the hand of the beautiful Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata. The duel lasted for years. Labaw Donggon held Saragnayan’s head underwater for seven years but the lord of the darkness still lived. With the help of his pamlang (amulet), Saragnayan defeated Labaw Donggon and imprisoned him beneath his house. Meanwhile, Labaw Donggon’s two wives gave birth to a son each. Angoy Ginbitinan called her child Aso Mangga while Abyang Durunuun called her son  Abyang Baranugon. Both sons went in search of their father a few days after they were born. They arrived in Tulogmatian and asked Saragnayan to free their father. Saragnayan told Abyang Baranugon to go home to his mother when he noticed that the young lad still has an umbilical cord. The young lad took offense and challenged the lord of the darkness to a duel. Saragnayan accepted the challenge and fought with Abyang Baranugon. The lord of darkness was no match for the strength of Abyang Baranugon and was defeated in the process. Abyang Baranugon earned the freedom of his father and took him home. Meanwhile, the defeat of Labaw Donggon in the hands of Saragnayan and his subsequent imprisonment angered his brothers Humadapnon and Dumalapdap. Humadapnon swore to the gods of Madya-as and vowed that he would seek revenge on all of Saragnayan’s kinsmen and followers. He then embarked on a journey to Saragnayan’s. He took with him a man known for his exceptional swordsmanship, Buyong Matanayon of Mount Matiula. Together they traveled the same path that Labaw Donggon took. The duo ended up at a place called Tarambang Buriraw. Here lives a seductive sorceress called Piganun. The sorceress changed herself into a very beautiful maiden and captured the heart of Humadapnon. No matter what Buyong Matanayon did, Humadapnon would not leave Tarambang Buriraw. After seven months of staying in Tarambang Buriraw, Buyong Matanayon remembered that they brought some ginger with them. He thought of a plan to break Piganun’s spell over his friend. One evening, at dinner, Buyong Matanayon threw seven slices of ginger into the fire. Upon smelling the burning ginger, Piganun ran away from the room. Buyong Matanayon struck Humadapnon in the head, which rendered the latter unconscious. He then dragged his body away from the place and managed to escape. The duo continued with their trek and exacted revenge on all of Saragnayan’s family and friend. They eventually found themselves in a place called Piniling Tubig. There was a big gathering when they arrived in the village because the ruler of the land, Datu Umbaw Pinaumbaw, was giving away the hand of his daughter in marriage to anyone who can remove the huge boulder that rolled off the mountain to the center of the village. No one has succeeded. Humadapnon rose to the challenge and took off his magic cape. He then used it to lift the huge boulder off the center of the village and hurled it back to the mountain. Datu Umbaw Pinaumbaw honored his word and gave his daughter’s hand in marriage to Humadapnon. The two were married and  a big feast was held. During the wedding feast, a guest minstrel sang and paid tribute to the beauty of Burigadang Pada Sinaklang Bulawan, the goddess of greed. Enchanted with the story, Humadapnon started on a quest to seek the goddess’ hand in marriage. He met Buyong Makabagting, son of the Datu Balahidyong of Paling Bukid, who was also hoping to win the hand of Burigadang Pada Sinaklang Bulawan. The two fought in a duel and Humadapnon emerged victorious. The defeated Buyong Makabagting helped Humadapnon in his quest. Humadapnon eventually married the goddess of greed and brought her home to his mother. Shortly after Humadapnon left their home to seek revenge on Saragnayan’s family and followers, Dumalapdap embarked on a quest of his own. He decided go to Burutlakan-ka-adlaw and marry the maiden Lubay-Lubyok Hanginun si Mahuyokhuyokon. With him was Dumasig, the most powerful wrestler in Madya-as. After several months of traveling, the two warriors came face to face with a two headed monster called Balanakon. The monster guarded the ridge that led to the place where the maiden lived. They managed to kill the monster but were confronted with another kind of monster when they reached the gate of the palace where the maiden lived. Called Uyutang, the monster was similar to a bat with sharp, poisonous claws. Dumalapdap fought with the Uyutang for seven months. He was able to defeat the monster when he grabbed its ankle and broke it. Then he took his iwang daniwan (magic dagger) and struck Uyutang under the armpit. The monster howled in pain, causing an earthquake that broke the ridge they were fighting in into two. Half of the ridge became an island that is known today as Negros, while the other half became Panay. With the monster Uyutang dead, Lubay-Lubyok Hanginun si Mahuyokhuyokan was free to marry Dumalapdap. He brought her home and was reunited with his family. Datu Paubari celebrated the return of his three sons with a very big feast. His sons left for different parts of the world after the feast. Labaw Donggon ventured north, Humadapnon went south, and Dumalapdap embarked to the west. Datu Parubari was left to rule in the east. Humdapnon was visited by his spirit friends Taghoy and Duwindi in his dream and told him of lovely maiden who lived in a village by the mouth of the Halawod River. The demigod left his dominion to look for the maiden named Nagmalitong Yawa. He brought with him a boatful of crew. Humadapnon and his men safely traversed through a sea the color of human blood with the help of his spirit friends. They landed on an island that was inhabited by beautiful  women and headed by the sorceress Ginmayunan. For seven years, Humadapnon and his crew were imprisoned in the island until Nagmalitong Yawa helped them escape by disguising as a boy. Humadapnon and Nagmalitong Yawa were married soon after in Halawod. During the wedding feast, Humadapnon’s brother, Dumalapdap fell in love with Huyung Adlaw and asked his brother to help him talk to the parents of the maiden. Humadapnon left his new wife and accompanied his brother to the Upperworld where Huyung Adlaw lived. It took the brothers sev en years to come back from their journey to the Upperworld. They arrived just in time for the ceremony that will have Nagmalitong Yawa married to Buyung Sumagulung, an island fortress ruler, in a ceremony. The brothers were enraged and killed all the guests and the groom. Humadapnon also stabbed his wife because the treachery only to feel remorse later on. He asked his spirit friends and found out that his wife only agreed to marry Buyung Sumagulung because her mother, Matan-ayon, convinced her that Humadapnon is not coming back. Upon learning of this, Humadapnon asked his sister, Labing Anyag, to use her powers to bring Nagmalitong Yawa back to life. Seeing how remorseful he is, Labing Anyag agreed. However, Nagmalitong Yawa was so ashamed of agreeing to marry Buyung Sumagulung that she ran away to the underworld and sought the protection of her uncle Panlinugun, who is lord of the earthquake. Humadapnon had to kill an eight-headed snake in his pursuit of Nagmalitong Yawa. Then he had to duel with a young man who spirited his wife away. The duel ended when Alunsina intervened and revealed that the young man is also her son, Amarotha. This son died during childbirth and was brought bac k from the dead to keep Alunsina company. Alunsina decided that both Humadapnon and Amarotha deserved a piece of Nagmalitong Yawa so she cut the girl in half and gave a piece each to her sons. Each half turned into a whole live person. Humadapnon brought his wife back to Panay.

Silk Road: Tea

The Silk Road was a series of historical trade routes that connected cultures of European and Asian countries. Hidden in Southwest China is a lesser-known trade route called Chamadao, literally translated as the Tea Horse Road, was a central trade route for the exchange of Tibetan horses and Chinese tea (Elaine). The route started in Southwest China, where tea was produced, led north into the Tibetan mountains and into India (Yang). Due to its economic and cultural impact, it has been dubbed the â€Å"Southern Silk Road of China† (Yang). Tea first originated from Yunnan, through China, to the rest of Asia, then to the West.In its earliest uses, tea was first used as food then concocted as medicinal brews. As more traditional tea drinking practices developed overtime. It began transmit to social hierarchy and developed status (Heiss 4,7). The origin of tea trade could be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Dezong sent his supervisory official Chang Lu to visit Tibet. Chang Lu offered some boiled tea to the Tibetan king, who then asked what it was. When Chang answered, the king informed him that Tibet already had tea and had his servants show it to Chang (Yang). The Chinese were the main exporters of tea.The Tea Horse Road, or Chamadao, was a central trade route for exchanging Tibetan horses and Chinese tea. Though it is called the Tea Horse Road, other products such as salt, sugar and furs were also exchanged along this route. The increasing importance of tea in daily life led to high demand and set up many markets outside of Southern China (Whitfield 238). Tea trade further expanded after Europeans were introduced to it. Chinese Tea was traded as far as Kenya, Africa. Chamadao soon earned the title of â€Å"Southern Silk Road of China,† due to its importance in both economic and cultural aspects (Elaine).Tea played a great role in religion and politics. At the height of the tea trade’s prosperity during the Min g Dynasty, a bureau was established to manage the horse and tea trade. During that time, the Ming Court often used the tea trade as a means of maintaining political control over Tibetan leaders and lamas. Farmers paid tea as tribute, or tax to the emperor, or ruler. The tea used in such tributes determined its quality (Yang). Tea was embraced by China’s three great religions—Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism for its perceived healthful virtues and powers of rejuvenation .The holy leaders of these religions deemed the drink as a necessity and should be consumed by all practitioners. As each of these faiths spread, so did the practice of consuming tea (Heiss 10). In short, the lesser-known Tea Horse Road had great economic and cultural impact. Its cultural exchange and prosperity is comparable to the Silk Road in historical importance. This â€Å"Southern Silk Road† is no longer in use but its legacy continues to play a crucial role in the communication and exchan ge of present cultures.